Transportation & storage

Assesses the readiness of countries’ hydrogen transportation infrastructure for massive scale up of hydrogen production and use. These include pipelines, storage facilities or potential, and for export producers, existing ammonia or LNG infrastructure that may be leveraged towards green hydrogen transport.

Pipeline

Greenfield pipelines in many countries are challenging to build given permitting and land ownership issues. Countries are scored based on their pipeline hydrogen readiness, connectedness and likelihood to invest in hydrogen pipelines. Scoring evaluates:

• Existing hydrogen pipelines

• Connectedness to international grids

• Infrastructure investment per capita

Geological storage potential

Storage is used to manage the gap between intermittent renewables, steady load requirements, and seasonal energy differentials. Scoring evaluates:

• Salt cavern technical storage potential

Ammonia export infrastructure

Countries with existing ammonia export trade are assumed to have complementary infrastructure, human capital and commercial relationships can expedite the ramp up of low carbon ammonia export. Scoring evaluates:

• Ammonia export volumes

LNG export infrastructure

Countries with existing LNG export trade are assumed to have existing complementary infrastructure, human capital and commercial relationships can expedite the ramp up of low carbon LH2 export. Scoring evaluates:

• LNG export volumes